Jean-Paul Sartre was a French philosopher, playwright, and novelist. He is best known for his existentialist philosophy, which emphasizes individual freedom, responsibility, and the idea that existence precedes essence. Sartre's most famous works include "Being and Nothingness" and "No Exit." He was also a prominent figure in the French intellectual and literary scene of the 20th century and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964, although he declined the honor. Sartre's ideas continue to have a significant influence on philosophy, literature, and political thought.