John Henry Newman was a 19th-century English theologian, poet, and cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. He was a prominent figure in the Oxford Movement, which sought to bring the Church of England back to its Catholic roots. Newman was known for his influential writings on theology and education, and he was also a key figure in the development of the idea of the university as a center of intellectual and spiritual growth. He was eventually made a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in recognition of his contributions to the Catholic Church. Newman's most famous work is "Apologia Pro Vita Sua," an autobiographical defense of his religious beliefs and his conversion to Catholicism.