James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, was an illegitimate son of King Charles II of England. He was born in 1649 and was known for his involvement in the Monmouth Rebellion, a failed attempt to overthrow his uncle, King James II. Monmouth was a popular figure among the Protestant population and sought to challenge the Catholic succession to the throne. However, his rebellion was defeated, and he was captured and executed in 1685. Monmouth's rebellion had significant political and religious implications for England at the time.