Carolus Linnaeus, also known as Carl Linnaeus, was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician who is considered the father of modern taxonomy and the binomial nomenclature system. He developed a hierarchical system for classifying and naming organisms, which is still used today. Linnaeus made significant contributions to the field of biology and is known for his work in categorizing and naming plants and animals. His work laid the foundation for the modern classification of living organisms.