Alfonso XIII was the King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. He ascended to the throne at a young age after the death of his father, and his reign was marked by political instability, including the Spanish-American War and the Rif War in Morocco. He was known for his efforts to modernize Spain and promote economic development, but his reign ended with the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic. After going into exile, he lived in Rome and later in Estoril, Portugal, until his death in 1941.