James Edward Stuart, also known as the Old Pretender, was the son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland. He was a claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and led the Jacobite movement to restore the Stuart monarchy after his father was deposed during the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Despite several attempts to claim the throne, he was ultimately unsuccessful and spent much of his life in exile. He died in 1766 without ever becoming king.