Hammurabi was the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, ruling from 1792 BC to 1750 BC. He is best known for his code of laws, known as the Code of Hammurabi, which is one of the earliest known sets of written laws. The code is famous for its principle of "an eye for an eye," which reflects the idea of retributive justice. Hammurabi is also known for his military conquests and his efforts to improve the infrastructure and economy of Babylon. He is considered one of the most significant rulers of ancient Mesopotamia.