Frederick I Barbarossa was a Holy Roman Emperor who reigned from 1155 to 1190. He was known for his ambitious attempts to consolidate and expand the territories of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as for his conflicts with the papacy. The name "Barbarossa" means "red beard" in Italian, and it was given to him by the Italians. He is remembered for his military campaigns, his efforts to establish imperial authority, and his role in shaping the political landscape of medieval Europe.