Khosrow II, also known as Khosrow Parviz, was the last great king of the Sasanian Empire, which was a major power in the Middle East from the 3rd to the 7th century. He ruled from 590 to 628 AD and is remembered for his military campaigns, architectural projects, and patronage of the arts and sciences. Khosrow II's reign was marked by both successes and challenges, including conflicts with the Byzantine Empire and internal power struggles. He is also known for his support of religious tolerance and his efforts to promote trade and cultural exchange. Khosrow II's reign came to an end when he was overthrown and executed in a coup, leading to the eventual collapse of the Sasanian Empire.