Wang Mang was a Chinese official and regent who lived during the Western Han dynasty. He is known for his role in overthrowing the Han dynasty and establishing the Xin dynasty, which lasted from 9 to 23 AD. Wang Mang implemented a series of controversial reforms, including the redistribution of land and the nationalization of industries, which ultimately led to social unrest and his downfall. His reign is often seen as a period of political and economic instability in Chinese history.