Andreas Vesalius was a Belgian anatomist and physician who lived during the 16th century. He is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy. Vesalius is best known for his work "De humani corporis fabrica" (On the Fabric of the Human Body), which revolutionized the understanding of human anatomy. He emphasized the importance of direct observation and dissection of human cadavers, challenging the traditional teachings of Galen. Vesalius' work laid the foundation for the scientific study of human anatomy and greatly influenced the development of modern medicine.